International cooperation in the field of water resources is crucial, especially in the face of climate change, increasing water demand, and growing water pollution. Vietnam receives about 60% of its water from cross-border sources.

Global warming has played a key role in gradually thinning the glaciers atop Puncak Jaya, Papua, Indonesia, some of the few remaining tropical glaciers in the world, according to Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG).